Effects of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide in rats.

The effects of pretreatment with the enzyme inducers phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of furosemide were examined in rats. The nonrenal clearance (4.58 versus 6.18 mL/min/kg) increased significantly in PB-treated rats. This suggested that the nonrenal metabolism of furosemide increased by pretreatment with PB. This relationship was supported by the results of a tissue homogenate study; the amounts of furosemide remaining per gram of tissue after 30 min of incubation of 50 micrograms of furosemide with the 9000 x g supernatant fraction of liver, stomach, and kidney tissue homogenates decreased significantly in PB-treated rats. The contents of hepatic cytochrome P-450 (1.29 versus 2.15 nmol/mg protein) and the weights of liver and stomach increased significantly in PB-treated rats, suggesting that the metabolizing enzymes for furosemide are induced by pretreatment with PB. The 8-h urine output per 100 g of body weight increased significantly in PB-treated rats; however, the 8-h urinary excretion of furosemide per 100 g of body weight (797 versus 635 micrograms) decreased significantly in PB-treated rats. Alterations in the urine output might be due to the hormonal alterations in the concentration-effect relationship for furosemide in PB-treated rats. In 3-MC-treated rats, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of furosemide were not significantly different, indicating that the metabolizing enzymes for furosemide were not induced by pretreatment with 3-MC. However, the contents of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and the weights of liver and stomach increased significantly.