Transparent TiO2 nanotube electrodes via thin layer anodization: fabrication and use in electrochromic devices.

In the present work, we describe an anodization process that is able to fully transform a thin Ti metal layer on a conductive glass into a TiO(2) nanotubular array. Under optimized conditions, nanotube electrodes can be obtained that are completely transparent and defect-free and allow electrochromic switching. These electrochromic electrodes show remarkable properties and can be directly integrated into devices.