Universal properties of ferroelectric domains.

Based on the Ginzburg-Landau approach, we generalize the Kittel theory and derive the interpolation formula for the temperature evolution of a multidomain polarization profile P(x,z). We resolve the long-standing problem of the near-surface polarization behavior in ferroelectric domains and demonstrate polarization vanishing instead of the usually assumed fractal domain branching. We propose an effective scaling approach to compare the properties of different domain-containing ferroelectric plates and films.