Function of MglA, a 22-kilodalton protein essential for gliding in Myxococcus xanthus.

Single mutations in the mglA gene in Myxococcus xanthus render cells incapable of gliding. The mglA strains are unique in that all other nonmotile strains of M. xanthus isolated are the result of at least two independent mutations in separate motility system genes. Translational fusions of trpE, or of lacZ, to mglA were constructed, and the resulting fusion polypeptides were used to generate antibodies. Antibodies specific to MglA protein were purified. Antibody-tagged MglA was found localized to the cytoplasm of M. xanthus cells both by fractionation of cell extracts and by electron microscopy of thin sections of whole cells. Four of the five mglA missense mutants tested failed to produce detectable levels of the MglA antigen in whole cell extracts. Nonmotile double mutants (A-S-), which have one mutation in a gene of system A and one mutation in a gene of system S, have the same phenotype as null mglA mutants but produce wild-type levels of MglA protein. MglA protein is conserved in all strains of myxobacteria tested. The amino acid sequence of MglA protein includes three sequence motifs characteristic of GDP/GTP-binding proteins. On the basis of its genetic properties, intracellular location, and amino acid sequence, it is argued that MglA protein is a regulator in the sequence of functions leading to cell movement.