Remodeling in asthma.

Airway remodeling refers to the structural changes that occur in both the large and the small airways of miscellaneous diseases, including asthma. In asthma, airway structural changes include subepithelial fibrosis, increased smooth muscle mass, enlargement of glands, neovascularization, and epithelial alterations. Although controversial, airway remodeling is commonly attributed to the underlying chronic inflammatory process. These remodeling changes contribute to thickening of airway walls and consequently lead to airway narrowing, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway edema, and mucous hypersecretion. Airway remodeling is associated with poorer clinical outcome among patients with asthma. Early diagnosis and prevention of airway remodeling has the potential to decrease disease severity, to improve control, and to prevent disease expression. In this article, we briefly provide an update on the characteristic features of airway remodeling observed in asthma and their clinical consequences.