Predictive value of clinical and laboratory findings in the diagnosis of the enteric fever.

Although the definitive diagnosis of enteric fever requires the isolation of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi or paratyphi, the diagnosis is usually made according to clinical and laboratory findings. There is usually a diagnostic dilemma. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum required parameters that could be valuable in the diagnosis of enteric fever. A retrospective study was performed to compare the clinical and laboratory findings in 60 patients who proved to have enteric fever by cultures and 58 patients with non-enteric fever. Features independently predictive of enteric fever were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive and negative predictive values were estimated. Significant clinical features of enteric fever were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, relative bradycardia, rose spots, leucopenia, trombocytopenia, eosinopenia and elevated AST level. Five of these features were found to be predictive for the diagnosis of enteric fever; splenomegaly, relative bradycardia, rose spots and trombocytopenia and elevated AST level. In conclusion, clinical and laboratory findings can help the clinician to diagnose enteric fever in the absence of microbiological confirmation.