Foetal co-relates and mode of delivery in asphyxia neonatorum.

A prospective study was conducted on consequitively born live births for determining the role of certain foetal factors and mode of delivery on asphyxia neonatorum. The difference in the incidence of neonatal asphxia in 1208 singleton births (8.5%) and in the 66 multiple births (9.7%) was statistically significantly (p less than 0.01). Among the singleton live births a significantly increased incidence of asphyxia was recorded in preterms when compared to term and post term babies collectively (p less than 0.001). Small for date babies were at a greater risk for asphxia neonatorum when compared to babies weighing appropriate for gestational age (p less than 0.001). An inverse relationship was observed between birth weight and asphyxia neonatorum. A significant difference was seen in the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia between babies weighing less than 2000 g. and those weighing more than 2000 g. (p less than 0.001). The incidence was significantly influenced by mode of delivery, being highest in vaginal breech delivery followed in decreasing frequency by forceps and normal vaginal delivery. Among vaginal breech delivered neonates those weighing greater than or equal to 2500 g were at the highest risk. Evidence of foetal distress and meconium stained amniotic fluid had a low predictability of asphyxia being 35.0% and 40.0% respectively though both were statistically significant (p less than 0.001).