Light propagation in a birefringent plate with topological charge.

We calculated the Fresnel paraxial propagator in a birefringent plate having topological charge q at its center, named "q-plate." We studied the change of the beam transverse profile when it traverses the plate. An analytical closed form of the beam profile propagating in the q-plate can be found for many important specific input beam profiles. We paid particular attention to the plate having a topological unit charge and found that if small losses due to reflection, absorption, and scattering are neglected, the plate can convert the photon spin into orbital angular momentum with up to 100% efficiency provided the thickness of the plate is less than the Rayleigh range of the incident beam.