Role of testosterone in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a common clinical problem that may have a very negative impact on a woman's quality of life. Diagnosis and treatment is challenging, as one must keep in mind the complex web of factors influencing sexual functioning alone or in concert. Data suggest that androgens are significant independent factors affecting sexual desire, sexual activity and satisfaction, as well as other components of women's health such as mood and energy. For decades, physicians used various androgen preparations to improve sexual function in women, based on the results of smaller clinical trials and personal clinical observations when taking care of patients. Today, there is substantial body of evidence from randomized placebo-controlled trials that low-dose testosterone treatment is efficacious in women with HSDD who have an established cause of androgen deficiency such as surgical menopause. Recent data support the hypotheses that androgens may also be beneficial in naturally menopausal women or in premenopausal women with low circulating testosterone levels and a decrease in satisfying sexual activity. No single testosterone level has been found to be predictive for low female sexual function, even though women suffering from HSDD commonly have low testosterone levels. The most frequently reported side effects of testosterone treatment are mild hirsutism or acne. Long-term safety is not yet established. Several clinical trials are in progress to further investigate potential benefits and risks of androgen treatment in women with sexual dysfunction.