Impact of HAART therapy on co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV cases for 9 years in Taiwan.

Free highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was made available by The Department of Health since April 1997. As a result, the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection among HIV cases rose from 1.90% to 3.82% during 1993 to 1998 and decreased from 3.82% to 0.94% during 1998 to 2006. The incidence rate of TB/HIV co-infection among HIV cases reached its peak in 1998 and then started to reverse, although the next year the TB disease burden (incidence rate: 62.7 cases per 100,000 persons) remained consistently high, and this continued in the following years. The survival rate of TB/HIV co-infection cases was 62.16% during the period 1993-1996 (pre-free HAART era) and increased to 86.60% during the period 1998-2006 (P < 0.0001) (post-free HAART era). Highly active antiretroviral therapy decreased the incidence rate of new TB/HIV co-infection cases among HIV cases and increased the survival rate of TB/HIV co-infection cases.