Hela l-CaD is implicated in the migration of endothelial cells/endothelial progenitor cells in human neoplasms.

Caldesmon (CaD) is a major actin-binding protein distributed in a variety of cell types. No functional differences among the isoforms in in vitro studies were found so far. In a previous study we found that the low molecular caldesmon isoform (Hela l-CaD) is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs)/endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in tumor vasculature of various human tumors. Activation of cell motility is necessary for the navigation of the tip ECs during angiogenesis, and migration of EPCs from the bone marrow during vasculogenesis. In the present study we searched for features of motility and the intracellular expression sites of Hela l-CaD in ECs/EPCs of various human tumors under histologically preserved microenviroment. We discovered a variety of motility-related cell protrusions like filopodia, microspikes, lamellipodia, podosomes, membrane blebs and membrane ruffles in the activated ECs/EPCs. Hela l-CaD appeared to be invariably expressed in the subregions of these cell protrusions. The findings suggest that Hela l-CaD is implicated in the migration of ECs/EPC in human neoplasms where they contribute to tumor vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.