A strategy to teach medical decision making within a medical school curriculum.

One of the goals of our medical school is to teach our students how to learn. In theory, this is a noble goal, but, in practice, our style is often to "impart" our knowledge to the students without allowing them to question it, to practice with it, and to really understand it. To address this problem, we are developing a vertically integrated four-year program in medical decision making funded by the Culpeper Foundation. The curriculum begins with classic epidemiology in year one. In year-two courses, principles of clinical epidemiology (diagnosis, variability, etc) and the elements of quantitative decision making are woven into our organ system courses. In year three, these skills are practiced in clerkships, and critical thinking sessions occur in several clerkships. The curriculum culminates in year four with sessions on expected value decision analysis in one of our required courses. Built into this experience are computer interactive programs, faculty and housestaff development sessions, and availability of consultation from a medical decision making team. We are developing competency-based exams in which students will have to demonstrate skills in medical decision making, critical thinking, and problem solving. We hope this will help teach our students "how to" make decisions and understand such things as critical thinking, probability, uncertainty, and variability. Through this, we hope the decisions they will help their patients make will lead to the "best" outcomes for these patients.