Deep and organ/space infections in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery: incidence and impact on hospital length of stay and costs.

BACKGROUND: The reported incidence of infection complicating elective colorectal surgery (ECS) is 11% to 26%. We evaluated length of stay (LOS) and expense associated with such infections, which heretofore remain unexplored.
METHODS: We reviewed 1127 ECS procedures from October 2005 to may 2007 to identify infected case subjects (n = 46). Data were obtained by way of chart abstraction and administrative database review. A case-control study evaluated LOS and actual accounting costs for case subjects versus uninfected control subjects (n = 46). Logistic regression determined risk factors for infection.
RESULTS: Infection incidence was 4.1%. Mean +/- SD LOS and costs were greater for case than control subjects: 21 +/- 15 days compared with 6 +/- 4 days (P < .001) and $42,516 +/- 39,972 compared with $10,999 +/- $7,122 (P < .001). Procedure type, infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, increased age, and nonsmoking status predicted greater LOS and costs. Infection risk factors included duration of procedure > or =3 hours, male sex, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, low baseline hematocrit, and indication for surgery of regional enteritis/ulcerative colitis. COMMENTS: Infection development after ECS is infrequent in our population, but it results in significantly poorer outcomes. Vigilant adherence to preventive guidelines, including those for antibiotic prophylaxis, is warranted.