Synchronous ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract are not uncommon urological malignancies. Their simultaneous occurrence in a patient is, however, extraordinarily rare. We report the case of a patient who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for suspected RCC. Preoperative imaging was suspicious for renal pelvic involvement, which was confirmed upon bivalving the fresh specimen at the time of surgery, with the discovery of a separate urothelium-based lesion. We discuss this rare occurrence and our management approach.