Quality of life: how is it measured and defined?

Quality of life is an abstract concept which encompasses an individual's perceived level of physical, psychological, and social well-being. It is a highly subjective phenomenon, mediated by one's personal and cultural values and beliefs, self-concept, goals, and life experiences. Some studies have demonstrated that an individual's quality of life may be influenced negatively by a diagnosis of cancer and/or the sequelae of treatment. Concerns about quality of life issues may affect a patient's choice of treatment options or compliance with treatment regimens. Although there is no universally agreed-upon instrument to measure quality of life, researchers are increasingly utilizing multidimensional patient self-assessment tools in lieu of physician-rated performance status scales. Recent advances in detection and treatment may improve quality of life for patients with urologic malignancies. Cancer treatment which extends quantity while maintaining or improving quality of life is the mandate of care for the future.