Current opinion on the science of organophosphate pesticides and toxic stress: a systematic review.

The aim of this article is to provide a brief review of the current status of our knowledge related to organophosphates (OPs) and oxidative stress. For this purpose, we performed a systematic review on the literatures using Pubmed and Scopus databases without date limitation. A total of 127 articles including 112 experimental and 15 human studies were found relevant and reviewed. Data were categorized according to experimental and clinical studies. Occurrence of cell membrane lipid peroxidation, alteration in the levels of total antioxidant capacity, total thiol molecules, and protective effects of natural and synthetic antioxidants against OP-induced histopathological and biochemical alterations are the most important evidences for involvement of oxidative stress in OP-induced toxicity. It is concluded that evaluation of blood oxidative stress parameters can be useful for monitoring exposed people. Supplementing of people in exposure to OPs with potent antioxidants such as vitamin E and C is recommended. Much human studies with higher sample size and better exclusion of biasing factors are still needed.