Molecular networks in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.

Candida albicans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. Its success as a commensal and pathogen extends from its ability to switch between both yeast and hyphal growth forms. Therefore, extensive research on this fungus has also focused on the identification and understanding of the regulatory networks behind this morphological switch. Here we review established signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway. In addition, we focus on new developments in the rapidly growing area of fungal environmental sensing, but importantly also highlight exciting new developments in the expanding field of molecular networks involved in fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interkingdom communication.