Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for X-linked ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency: case report and review of outcomes.

Hypomorphic mutations in nuclear factor kappa B essential modulator (NEMO) cause X-linked ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (X-ED-ID). Clinical manifestations in boys with X-ED-ID apart from ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency include osteopetrosis, lymphedema, and colitis. Further description of atypical findings in this disorder is needed. Treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is in its infancy, and how or whether non-immune manifestations of defective NEMO function are impacted by HSCT is poorly described. We report an interesting case of a boy with NEMO mutation who had symptoms reminiscent of Omenn's syndrome and small intestinal villous atrophy with features reminiscent of tufting enteropathy. We describe his treatment course as well as reconstitution of immune function and correction of osteopetrosis post-HSCT, and review the cases of allogeneic HSCT reported to date in the literature.