The cause, prevention, and treatment of pressure sores.

Pressure sores are a common, expensive, and preventable complication of paralysis. They are the result of ischemia produced when tissue is compressed and distorted by pressure exerted between a bone and an external hard surface for an extended period of time. Prevention involves control of the two variables of pressure and time. Pressure can be minimized by using various pressure-reductive devices in the form of mattresses and cushions. Control of time involves scheduled position changes. If pressure sores occur, treatment consists of keeping the sore completely pressure free and clean. Grades I and II sores usually need no further treatment. Grades III and IV sores heal faster and more effectively when treated surgically.