Shewanella vesiculosa sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from an Antarctic coastal area.

Two strains of psychrotolerant bacteria, designated M7(T) and M5, isolated from Antarctic coastal marine environments were studied to determine their taxonomic position. The organisms comprised Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic cells that were motile by means of single polar flagella. Neither of the bacterial isolates had a requirement for Na(+). These two psychrotolerant strains grew at temperatures ranging from -4 to 30 degrees C. Both strains were capable of producing H(2)S from thiosulfate and were able to use sodium nitrate and trimethylamine N-oxide as terminal electron acceptors during anaerobic growth. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed M7(T) and M5 within the genus Shewanella; the strains showed the highest similarity (99.9 and 99.2 % respectively) with respect to the type strains of Shewanella livingstonensis and Shewanella frigidimarina. However the levels of gyrB sequence similarity between strain M7(T) and the type strains of S. livingstonensis and S. frigidimarina were 87.6 and 87.4 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments performed between the Antarctic isolate M7(T) and S. livingstonensis LMG 19866(T) and S. frigidimarina LMG 19475(T) revealed levels of relatedness of 32 and 35 %, respectively. Strain M5 showed 100 % DNA relatedness with respect to strain M7(T). The DNA G+C content of these bacteria was 42 mol%. Several phenotypic characteristics, the cellular fatty acid compositions and the quinone content of strains M7(T) and M5 served to differentiate them from related shewanellae. On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, M7(T) and M5 constitute a single genospecies. They represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella vesiculosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M7(T) (=LMG 24424(T) =CECT 7339(T)).