[Intravenous antimicrobial use among different hospital in Chile during 2005].

Intravenous antimicrobial consumption has not been evaluated previously in Chile. In order to know this consumption (in DDD per 100 bed days), associated factors and antimicrobial control systems across the country, a questionnaire was sent to evaluate these features during 2005. A total of 29 public hospitals and private clinics answered this poll, 20 belonging to the public health system (69%). Only 48.1% declared to have an independent antimicrobial committee and 17.2% allowed unrestricted antimicrobial use. Glycopeptides and carbapenems were the most regulated compounds (75.9 and 82.8%, respectively). Antimicrobial controls systems were more frequently declared among public hospitals and only non-public hospitals permitted free use of antimicrobials. Global consumption reached 59.98 DDD per 100 bed-days, with beta-lactams representing 74.3% of this consume (44.57 DDD per 100), and cephalosporins 43% (25.78 DDD per 100). Chloramphenicol, penicillin G and cloxacillin use was significantly higher among public hospitals. The opposite was observed for imipenem-cilastatin, linezolid, cefuroxime and caspofungin with higher consumes observed among non-public hospitals. In a multivariate analysis, increased cefazolin use was independently associated with sites allowing unrestricted use, and ciprofloxacin consumption with non-public hospitals. Institutions with decreased susceptibility to imipenem-cilastatin among non-fermentative gram negative bacilli showed a higher use of this compound and linezolid consumption paralleled vancomycin-resistant enterococci prevalence. It is necessary to reinforce governmental regulations about antimicrobial use issued during 1999.