PURPOSE: To study the prevalence, associated factors and impact of symptomatic dry eye in an Asian population. METHODS: A population based survey of eye diseases in 3,280 (78.7% response rate) Malay persons aged 40-80 selected from designated areas in southwestern Singapore. Participants were administered a standardized dry eye questionnaire consisting of 6 questions on symptoms, and had a comprehensive systemic and ocular examination. Symptoms of tear film dysfunction (STFD) was defined as one or more self-reported symptoms that were frequently present (ranked often or all the time). RESULTS: The prevalence rate of STFD was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7, 7.4). The prevalence was significantly higher in men compared to women (8.2% and 4.9%, respectively; p < 0.001) and decreased with age in men (p = 0.002) but not in women (p = 0.101). After adjusting for age, gender, nature of work (outdoor/indoor), and housing type, factors significantly associated with STFD were cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% CI: 1.17-2.66), thyroid disease (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.29-5.18) and higher income (OR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.13-2.68). STFD were associated with self-reported difficulty in performing daily activities (work, family and leisure related) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: STFD are present in 6.5% of Singapore Malay adults and is associated with cigarette smoking, presence of thyroid disease and a reduced visual function-related quality of life.
PURPOSE: To study the prevalence, associated factors and impact of symptomatic dry eye in an Asian population. METHODS: A population based survey of eye diseases in 3,280 (78.7% response rate) Malay persons aged 40-80 selected from designated areas in southwestern Singapore. Participants were administered a standardized dry eye questionnaire consisting of 6 questions on symptoms, and had a comprehensive systemic and ocular examination. Symptoms of tear film dysfunction (STFD) was defined as one or more self-reported symptoms that were frequently present (ranked often or all the time). RESULTS: The prevalence rate of STFD was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7, 7.4). The prevalence was significantly higher in men compared to women (8.2% and 4.9%, respectively; p < 0.001) and decreased with age in men (p = 0.002) but not in women (p = 0.101). After adjusting for age, gender, nature of work (outdoor/indoor), and housing type, factors significantly associated with STFD were cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% CI: 1.17-2.66), thyroid disease (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.29-5.18) and higher income (OR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.13-2.68). STFD were associated with self-reported difficulty in performing daily activities (work, family and leisure related) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: STFD are present in 6.5% of Singapore Malay adults and is associated with cigarette smoking, presence of thyroid disease and a reduced visual function-related quality of life.
Authors: Loretta B Szczotka-Flynn; Maureen G Maguire; Gui-Shuang Ying; Meng C Lin; Vatinee Y Bunya; Reza Dana; Penny A Asbell Journal: Optom Vis Sci Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 1.973
Authors: Louis Tong; Li Lim; Donald Tan; Wee Jin Heng; Jimmy Lim; Cordelia Chan; Anshu Arundhati; Anna Tan Journal: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) Date: 2021-11-11
Authors: Julia Silvestre de Castro; Iara Borin Selegatto; Rosane Silvestre de Castro; Eliana C M Miranda; José Paulo Cabral de Vasconcelos; Keila Monteiro de Carvalho; Carlos Eduardo Leite Arieta; Monica Alves Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-02-01 Impact factor: 4.379