Neural control of urinary sodium excretion during hypertonic NaCl load in conscious rabbits: role of renal and hepatic nerves and baroreceptors.

We examined responses of renal nerve activity, urine flow, and urinary Na+ excretion to a hypertonic NaCl infusion in chronically instrumented conscious rabbits with unilateral renal denervation. The intravenous infusion of 20% NaCl, at 0.2 ml/min for 30 min, increased plasma osmolality by 27 +/- 5 mOsm/kg, and plasma Na+ by 16 +/- 3 mEq/l, and decreased hematocrit by 5 +/- 1%. These changes were accompanied by a marked decrease in renal nerve activity by 82 + 7%. Urine flow and urinary Na+ excretion increased gradually and peaked at the end of infusion. The innervated kidney excreted 23.3 +/- 3.3 ml urine and 5.5 +/- 0.7 mEq Na+ for the subsequent 60 min. However, the contralateral denervated kidney excreted only 9.5 +/- 2.0 ml urine and 2.2 +/- 0.6 mEq Na+; these values were significantly less than those of the innervated kidney. To examine the role of the sinoaortic and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors and the hepatic nerves in the response of renal nerve activity to the hypertonic NaCl infusion, renal nerve activity was examined in conscious rabbits with sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation (SAD) plus vagotomy and/or section of the anterior and posterior hepatic nerves (SAPH). In rabbits with SAD plus vagotomy or SAPH, the NaCl infusion also decreased renal nerve activity. After combining SAPH and SAD plus vagotomy, the decrease in renal nerve activity was completely blocked. These results indicate that hypertonic NaCl infusion elicits a marked decrease in renal nerve activity which is mediated predominantly by sinoaortic and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes and the hepatic nerves, and that the decrease in renal nerve activity plays an important role in the augmentation of renal function.