A study of role negotiation between nurses and the parents of hospitalized children.

The role of the parent of a hospitalized child has changed considerably over the past 30 years. Where parents were previously expected to had responsibility for care over to their child's nurses, there is now an expectation that parents will be extensively involved in the care of their hospitalized children. The negotiation of roles between nurses and parents has been advocated by workers concerned about conflicts between nurses and parents. However, it is not known whether such negotiation takes place between nurses and parents. It is clear that power is not evenly distributed between nurses and parents: issues of territory, stress, anxiety, uncertainty, control and conflicts arising from parental competence all place the parent in a weaker position. It is argued that the nurse holds the initiative in the decision about whether negotiation takes place. A small study is described in which nurses were invited to describes their response to their perception that a parent wanted to increase or decrease her or his involvement in her or his child's care. The critical incident technique (Flanagan 1954) was used to collect data. Nurses' responses were categorized into categories of 'encouragement', 'explanation/advice' and 'negotiation'. Responses were then placed in more specific subcategories. The inter-rater reliability of the categorization was measured. Owing to the limitations of the study, the results can only be regarded as suggestive. Nevertheless, significant association was found between the category of response and the grade of staff, with a stratified pattern of category of response demonstrated. The implications of the study for future research are discussed.