PURPOSE: Pancreatic cancer (PCA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The male-to-female incidence and mortality ratio of PCA is 1.1-2.0. One possible explanation for this difference is that female hormone exposure is protective for the development of PCA. Several hypotheses were investigated in this systematic review: (1) increased exposure to estrogen through early menarche and later menopause is associated with a decreased risk of PCA; (2) increased exposure to pregnancy is associated with decreased risk of PCA; and (3) increased exposure to oral contraceptives and/or hormone replacement therapy is associated with decreased risk of PCA. METHODS: Of 371 articles identified, 10 case-control and 5 cohort studies met the criteria for our review. Odds ratios for case-control studies and hazard ratios for cohort studies and their accompanying 95% confidence intervals for analyses relevant to our hypotheses were considered in the review. RESULTS: For all 3 hypotheses, studies displayed inconsistent results, and this may have been due to the diversity of study populations, exposure quantification, analysis approach, confounding and other limitations, and biases across studies. CONCLUSIONS: As there was no strong support for any of the 3 hypotheses, it appears that reproductive factors are not associated with the development of PCA in women.
PURPOSE:Pancreatic cancer (PCA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The male-to-female incidence and mortality ratio of PCA is 1.1-2.0. One possible explanation for this difference is that female hormone exposure is protective for the development of PCA. Several hypotheses were investigated in this systematic review: (1) increased exposure to estrogen through early menarche and later menopause is associated with a decreased risk of PCA; (2) increased exposure to pregnancy is associated with decreased risk of PCA; and (3) increased exposure to oral contraceptives and/or hormone replacement therapy is associated with decreased risk of PCA. METHODS: Of 371 articles identified, 10 case-control and 5 cohort studies met the criteria for our review. Odds ratios for case-control studies and hazard ratios for cohort studies and their accompanying 95% confidence intervals for analyses relevant to our hypotheses were considered in the review. RESULTS: For all 3 hypotheses, studies displayed inconsistent results, and this may have been due to the diversity of study populations, exposure quantification, analysis approach, confounding and other limitations, and biases across studies. CONCLUSIONS: As there was no strong support for any of the 3 hypotheses, it appears that reproductive factors are not associated with the development of PCA in women.
Authors: Miroslav Zavoral; Petra Minarikova; Filip Zavada; Cyril Salek; Marek Minarik Journal: World J Gastroenterol Date: 2011-06-28 Impact factor: 5.742
Authors: Eunjung Lee; Pamela L Horn-Ross; Rudolph P Rull; Susan L Neuhausen; Hoda Anton-Culver; Giske Ursin; Katherine D Henderson; Leslie Bernstein Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2013-09-05 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Leila Lujan-Barroso; Wei Zhang; Sara H Olson; Yu-Tang Gao; Herbert Yu; Peter A Baghurst; Paige M Bracci; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Lenka Foretová; Steven Gallinger; Ivana Holcatova; Vladimír Janout; Bu-Tian Ji; Robert C Kurtz; Carlo La Vecchia; Pagona Lagiou; Donghui Li; Anthony B Miller; Diego Serraino; Witold Zatonski; Harvey A Risch; Eric J Duell Journal: Pancreas Date: 2016-11 Impact factor: 3.327