| Literature DB >> 19183967 |
Melanie Mueller1, Erin A Kolbrich-Spargo, Frank T Peters, Marilyn A Huestis, George A Ricaurte, Hans H Maurer.
Abstract
Characterizing the formation of metabolites of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") in different species (rat, squirrel monkey, and human) may provide insight into mechanisms of MDMA neurotoxicity. Two prominent MDMA metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine (HHMA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), are conjugated with glucuronic or sulfuric acid, but reference standards are not available; therefore, quantification is only possible after conjugate cleavage. Different concentrations of HHMA and HMMA were obtained in human, squirrel monkey, and rat plasma specimens when acid or enzymatic cleavage was performed. Our data document that these differences are due to species-specific influences on conjugate cleavage. Acidic hydrolysis should be used for analyzing free HHMA and HMMA in human or squirrel monkey plasma, while enzymatic hydrolysis with glucuronidase or sulfatase maximizes recovery of free HHMA and HMMA in rat plasma. Optimization of cleavage conditions showed that sulfate conjugates were more readily cleaved by acid hydrolysis and glucuronides by glucuronidase.Entities:
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Year: 2009 PMID： 19183967 PMCID： PMC3163102 DOI： 10.1007/s00216-009-2607-1
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Anal Bioanal Chem ISSN： 1618-2642 Impact factor: 4.142