BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses are the major cause of asthma exacerbations. Impaired production of interferon-beta in rhinovirus infected bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and of the newly discovered interferon-lambdas in both BECs and bronchoalveolar lavage cells, is implicated in asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Thus replacement of deficient interferon is a candidate new therapy for asthma exacerbations. Rhinoviruses and other respiratory viruses infect both BECs and macrophages, but their relative capacities for alpha-, beta- and lambda-interferon production are unknown. METHODS: To provide guidance regarding which interferon type is the best candidate for development for treatment/prevention of asthma exacerbations we investigated respiratory virus induction of alpha-, beta- and lambda-interferons in BECs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by reverse transferase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Rhinovirus infection of BEAS-2B BECs induced interferon-alpha mRNA expression transiently at 8 h and interferon-beta later at 24 h while induction of interferon-lambda was strongly induced at both time points. At 24 h, interferon-alpha protein was not detected, interferon-beta was weakly induced while interferon-lambda was strongly induced. Similar patterns of mRNA induction were observed in primary BECs, in response to both rhinovirus and influenza A virus infection, though protein levels were below assay detection limits. In PBMCs interferon-alpha, interferon-beta and interferon-lambda mRNAs were all strongly induced by rhinovirus at both 8 and 24 h and proteins were induced: interferon-alpha>-beta>-lambda. Thus respiratory viruses induced expression of alpha-, beta- and lambda-interferons in BECs and PBMCs. In PBMCs interferon-alpha>-beta>-lambda while in BECs, interferon-lambda>-beta>-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that interferon-lambdas are likely the principal interferons produced during innate responses to respiratory viruses in BECs and interferon-alphas in PBMCs, while interferon-beta is produced by both cell types.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses are the major cause of asthma exacerbations. Impaired production of interferon-beta in rhinovirus infected bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and of the newly discovered interferon-lambdas in both BECs and bronchoalveolar lavage cells, is implicated in asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Thus replacement of deficient interferon is a candidate new therapy for asthma exacerbations. Rhinoviruses and other respiratory viruses infect both BECs and macrophages, but their relative capacities for alpha-, beta- and lambda-interferon production are unknown. METHODS: To provide guidance regarding which interferon type is the best candidate for development for treatment/prevention of asthma exacerbations we investigated respiratory virus induction of alpha-, beta- and lambda-interferons in BECs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by reverse transferase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:Rhinovirus infection of BEAS-2B BECs induced interferon-alpha mRNA expression transiently at 8 h and interferon-beta later at 24 h while induction of interferon-lambda was strongly induced at both time points. At 24 h, interferon-alpha protein was not detected, interferon-beta was weakly induced while interferon-lambda was strongly induced. Similar patterns of mRNA induction were observed in primary BECs, in response to both rhinovirus and influenza A virus infection, though protein levels were below assay detection limits. In PBMCs interferon-alpha, interferon-beta and interferon-lambda mRNAs were all strongly induced by rhinovirus at both 8 and 24 h and proteins were induced: interferon-alpha>-beta>-lambda. Thus respiratory viruses induced expression of alpha-, beta- and lambda-interferons in BECs and PBMCs. In PBMCs interferon-alpha>-beta>-lambda while in BECs, interferon-lambda>-beta>-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that interferon-lambdas are likely the principal interferons produced during innate responses to respiratory viruses in BECs and interferon-alphas in PBMCs, while interferon-beta is produced by both cell types.
Authors: Deepti R Nagarkar; Emily R Bowman; Dina Schneider; Qiong Wang; Jee Shim; Ying Zhao; Marisa J Linn; Christina L McHenry; Babina Gosangi; J Kelley Bentley; Wan C Tsai; Umadevi S Sajjan; Nicholas W Lukacs; Marc B Hershenson Journal: J Immunol Date: 2010-07-19 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Anna E Kersh; Spencer Ng; Yun Min Chang; Maiko Sasaki; Susan N Thomas; Haydn T Kissick; Gregory B Lesinski; Ragini R Kudchadkar; Edmund K Waller; Brian P Pollack Journal: J Clin Pharmacol Date: 2017-11-14 Impact factor: 3.126
Authors: Ellen F Foxman; James A Storer; Kiran Vanaja; Andre Levchenko; Akiko Iwasaki Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2016-07-11 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: A Głobińska; M Pawełczyk; A Piechota-Polańczyk; A Olszewska-Ziąber; S Moskwa; A Mikołajczyk; A Jabłońska; P K Zakrzewski; M Brauncajs; M Jarzębska; S Taka; N G Papadopoulos; M L Kowalski Journal: Clin Exp Immunol Date: 2016-11-14 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Tuomas Jartti; Maria Paul-Anttila; Pasi Lehtinen; Vilhelmiina Parikka; Tytti Vuorinen; Olli Simell; Olli Ruuskanen Journal: Respir Res Date: 2009-09-25