A new approach for explanation of specimen rupture under high electric field.

Failure of needle-shaped specimens under the action of high electric fields is one of the most serious problems in many field-ionization devices and methods. It was shown that the length of what was removed during discharge part of specimens in most of the cases was several orders greater than that of an initial radius of the specimen apex. Experimental results obtained in this work indicate that electrical breakdown in field-ion microscopes is initiated by the impact of nanoparticles detached from a point anode in a high electric field. A new approach for explanation of an observed specimen failure in a high electric field was proposed, where the formation and expansion of the cathode plasma play the key role in the mechanical rupture and melting of field-ion tips. The expanding plasma behaves as a dynamic capacitor plate characterized by a high velocity and increasing field strength at the specimen tip. The field rise rate at a constant voltage in a dynamic plasma-to-tip capacitor is of the order of >10(20)V/m/s. The present experimental data along with the ecton model of the vacuum breakdown allow the results to be discussed as a mechanical sample failure under the action of the superhigh positive field pulse induced by the cathode plasma expansion.