AIM: Cobratoxin (CTX), the long-chain alpha-neurotoxin from Thailand cobra venom, has been demonstrated to have analgesic action in rodent pain models. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of CTX on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. METHODS: Arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Paw swelling and hyperalgesia of AA rats were measured at various times after CFA administration. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in serum were determined with ELISA. Histopathological changes in synoviocytes were examined under a microscope. Involvement of the cholinergic system in the effects of CTX was examined by pretreatment of animals with the alpha(7) nicotinic receptor (alpha(7)-nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). RESULTS: CFA induced marked paw swelling and reduced thresholds of mechanical and cold-induced paw withdrawal. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of AA rats were increased, whereas the level of IL-10 was decreased. Histopathological examination of synoviocytes showed pronounced inflammation and accumulation of collagen. The administration of CTX (17.0 microg/kg, ip) significantly reduced paw swelling and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. CTX also reduced the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-2 but increased the production of IL-10 and altered pathohistological changes. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of CTX was significantly reduced by MLA (3 mg/kg, sc). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CTX has a beneficial effect on CFA-induced arthritis by modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. alpha(7)-nAChR appears to mediate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of CTX.
AIM: Cobratoxin (CTX), the long-chain alpha-neurotoxin from Thailand cobra venom, has been demonstrated to have analgesic action in rodent pain models. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of CTX on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. METHODS:Arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Paw swelling and hyperalgesia of AA rats were measured at various times after CFA administration. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in serum were determined with ELISA. Histopathological changes in synoviocytes were examined under a microscope. Involvement of the cholinergic system in the effects of CTX was examined by pretreatment of animals with the alpha(7) nicotinic receptor (alpha(7)-nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). RESULTS: CFA induced marked paw swelling and reduced thresholds of mechanical and cold-induced paw withdrawal. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of AA rats were increased, whereas the level of IL-10 was decreased. Histopathological examination of synoviocytes showed pronounced inflammation and accumulation of collagen. The administration of CTX (17.0 microg/kg, ip) significantly reduced paw swelling and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. CTX also reduced the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-2 but increased the production of IL-10 and altered pathohistological changes. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of CTX was significantly reduced by MLA (3 mg/kg, sc). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CTX has a beneficial effect on CFA-induced arthritis by modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. alpha(7)-nAChR appears to mediate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of CTX.
Authors: M Kaneko; T Tomita; T Nakase; Y Ohsawa; H Seki; E Takeuchi; H Takano; K Shi; K Takahi; E Kominami; Y Uchiyama; H Yoshikawa; T Ochi Journal: Rheumatology (Oxford) Date: 2001-03 Impact factor: 7.580
Authors: R Bonecchi; G Bianchi; P P Bordignon; D D'Ambrosio; R Lang; A Borsatti; S Sozzani; P Allavena; P A Gray; A Mantovani; F Sinigaglia Journal: J Exp Med Date: 1998-01-05 Impact factor: 14.307
Authors: Rachael Y M Ryan; Jamie Seymour; Alex Loukas; J Alejandro Lopez; Maria P Ikonomopoulou; John J Miles Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2021-05-10 Impact factor: 7.561