A case of Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever with pleural effusion.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with the potential of human-to-human transmission that affects wide areas in Asia, Southeastern Europe, and Africa. Hemorrhagic manifestations constitute a prominent symptom of late stage disease with case fatality rates from 3 to 50%. We present a case of CCHF complicated by hemorrhagic pleural effusion and resulting in resolution without chest tube drainage in a 9-year-old boy. The diagnosis of CCHF was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Both serum and pleural fluid CCHF IgM were positive at titers of 1/1,600 and 1/6,400, respectively.