Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2006-2008).

Poor sensitivity is still considered to be one of the major limitations of electrophoresis, which is surprising given the power, flexibility and versatility of many of the approaches to on-line concentration that have developed over the last 20 years. This is still a very active area of interest and this review will cover developments in the field over the last two years since the last review (Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 254-281) through to June 2008. It includes developments in the fields of stacking, covering all methods from field-amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to ITP, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to on-line or in-line extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.