A fatal case of cerebral oedema with hyponatraemia and massive polyuria after renal transplantation.

We report the case of a child who died from severe cerebral oedema in the context of hyponatraemia and extreme polyuria immediately after renal transplantation. The patient was treated according to a standard post-transplantation protocol, receiving 0.45% saline solution for urine output replacement. The case highlights the dangers of massive fluid therapy in the context of polyuria and, therefore, the need for intensive monitoring.