A review of the role of atrial natriuretic peptide gene polymorphisms in hypertension and its sequelae.

The natriuretic peptide precursor A (NPPA) gene, found on chromosome 1p36, encodes the precursor from which atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) is derived. Due to the action of ANP, it is thought that the NPPA gene is involved in the control of blood pressure. Animal studies have shown that genetically reduced ANP concentration leads to salt-sensitive hypertension, whereas genetically increased ANP concentration leads to hypotension. These studies have encouraged researchers to search the human NPPA gene for polymorphisms that contribute to hypertension and its sequelae such as stroke and cardiovascular disease. This report provides a comprehensive review of studies exploring NPPA polymorphisms in relation to hypertension and hypertension-related outcomes.