The dependence of luminous efficiency on chromatic adaptation.

We investigated the dependence of luminous efficiency on background chromaticity by measuring 25-Hz heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) matches in six genotyped male observers on 21 different 1000-photopic-troland adapting fields: 14 spectral ones ranging from 430 to 670 nm and 7 bichromatic mixtures of 478 and 577 nm that varied in luminance ratio. Each function was analyzed in terms of the best-fitting linear combination of the long- (L) and middle- (M) wavelength sensitive cone fundamentals of A. Stockman and L. T. Sharpe (2000). Taking into account the adapting effects of both the backgrounds and the targets, we found that luminous efficiency between 603 and 535 nm could be predicted by a simple model in which the relative L- and M-cone weights are inversely proportional to the mean cone excitations produced in each cone type multiplied by a single factor, which was roughly independent of background wavelength (and may reflect relative L:M cone numerosity). On backgrounds shorter than 535 nm and longer than 603 nm, the M-cone contribution to luminous efficiency falls short of the proportionality prediction but most likely for different reasons in the two spectral regions.