Literature DB >> 19145813

Why historians of medicine called Ibn al-Nafis second Avicenna?

Izet Masic1, Mirza Dilic, Emir Solakovic, Nedzad Rustempasic, Zoran Ridjanovic.   

Abstract

At the end of IX and beginning of the X century begins development and renaissance of the medicine called Arabic, and which main representatives were: Ali at-Taberi, Ahmed at-Taberi, Ar-Razi (Rhazes), Ali ibn al-Abbas al-Magusi (Haly), ibn al-Baitar, ibn al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), ibn Sina (Avicenna), ibn al-Haitam (Alhazen), ibn Abi al-Ala Zuhr (Avenzor), ibn Rushd (Averroes) and ibn al-Nafis. Doctors Taberi, Magusi and Razi were born as Persians. Each of the listed great doctors of the Arab medicine in their own way made legacy to the medical science and profession, and left lasting impression in the history of medicine. Majority of them is well known in the West well and have their place in the text-books as donors of significant medical treasure, without which medicine would probably, especially the one at the Middle dark century, be pale and prosaic, insufficiently studied and misunderstood, etc. Abdullah ibn Sina (Avicenna) remained unsurpassed in the series of above listed. Close to him can only come Alauddin ibn al-Nafis, who will in mid-XII century rebut some of the theories made by Avicenna and all his predecessors, from which he collected material for his big al-Kanun fit-tibb (Cannon of medicine). Cannon will be commended for centuries and fulfilled with new knowledge. One of the numerous and perhaps the best comments-Excerpts is from Nafis-Mugaz al-Quanun, article published as a reprint in War Sarajevo under the siege during 1995 in Bosnian language, translated from Arabic by the professor Sacir Sikiric and chief physician Hamdija Karamehmedovic in 1961. Today, at least 740 years since professor from Cairo and director of the Hospital A-Mansuri in Cairo Alauddin ibn Nefis (1210-1288), in his paper about pulse described small (pulmonary) blood circulatory system and coronary circulation. At the most popular search engines very often we can find its name, especially in English language. Majority of quotes about al-Nafis are on Arabic or Turkish language, although Ibn Nafis discovery is of world wide importance. Author of this article is among rare ones who in some of the indexed magazines emphasized of that event, and on that debated also some authors from Great Britain and USA in the respectable magazine Annals of Internal medicine. Citations in majority mentioning other two "describers" or "discoverers" of pulmonary blood circulation, Miguel de Servet (1511-1553), physician and theologian, and William Harvey (1578-1657), which in his paper "An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Hearth and Blood in Animals" published in 1628 described blood circulatory system. Ibn Nafis is due to its scientific work called "Second Avicenna". Some of his papers, during centuries were translated into Latin, and some published as a reprint in Arabic language. Significance of Nafis epochal discovery is the fact that it is solely based on deductive impressions, because his description of the small circulation is not occurred by in vitro observation on corps during section. It is known that he did not pay attention to the Galen theories about blood circulation. His prophecy sentence say: "If I don't know that my work will not last up to ten thousand years after me, I would not write them" Sapient sat. Searching the newest data about all three authors: Alauddin ibn Nafis (1210-1288), Michael Servetus (1511-1533) and William Harvey (1628) in the prestige Wikipedia I manage to link several most relevant facts, based on which we can in more details explain to whom from these three authors the glory and the right to call them self first describer of the pulmonary and cardiac circulation belongs. About Servetus and Harvey there is much more data than on ibn Nafis, about which on Google there are mainly references in Arabic and Turkish language, and my four references on Bosnian, with the abstracts in English. Probably the language barrier was one of the key reasons that we know so little about Nafis and so little is written, although respectable professor Fuat Sezgin from Frankfurt in 1997 published comprehensive monograph about this great physician, scientist and explorer, in which papers we can clearly recognize detailed description of the pulmonary and cardiac circulation. Also, I personally published separate monographs about this scientist, and which can be found on www. avicenapublisher.org.

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Year:  2008        PMID: 19145813

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Med Arh        ISSN: 0350-199X


  13 in total

1.  A trio of exemplars of medieval islamic medicine: Al-razi, avicenna and ibn Al-nafis.

Authors:  Ritu Lakhtakia
Journal:  Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J       Date:  2014-10-14

Review 2.  Traditional Healing in Treatment of Diseasses in the Past in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Authors:  Izet Masic; Nabil Naser; Aida Kapetanovic; Nizama Salihefendic; Muharem Zildzic
Journal:  Mater Sociomed       Date:  2022-03

3.  The beliefs, myths, and reality surrounding the word hema (blood) from homer to the present.

Authors:  John Meletis; Kostas Konstantopoulos
Journal:  Anemia       Date:  2010-07-27

4.  Thousand-year anniversary of the historical book: "Kitab al-Qanun fit-Tibb"- The Canon of Medicine, written by Abdullah ibn Sina.

Authors:  Izet Masic
Journal:  J Res Med Sci       Date:  2012-11       Impact factor: 1.852

5.  Galeata: chronic migraine independently considered in a medieval headache classification.

Authors:  Angel Luís Guerrero-Peral; Virginia de Frutos González; María Isabel Pedraza-Hueso
Journal:  J Headache Pain       Date:  2014-03-21       Impact factor: 7.277

Review 6.  Contribution of Arabic Medicine and Pharmacy to the Development of Health Care Protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina - the First Part.

Authors:  Izet Masic; Armin Skrbo; Nabil Naser; Salih Tandir; Lejla Zunic; Senad Medjedovic; Aziz Sukalo
Journal:  Med Arch       Date:  2017-10

Review 7.  Historical Contribution of Pharmaceutics to Botany and Pharmacognosy Development.

Authors:  Lejla Zunic; Armin Skrbo; Amra Dobraca
Journal:  Mater Sociomed       Date:  2017-12

8.  Medicinal behavior in Persian literature by emphasis on Ibn-Sina popular literature.

Authors:  Akbar Kolahdouzan; Fataneh Vahabi
Journal:  Mater Sociomed       Date:  2013

Review 9.  Contribution of Arabic Medicine and Pharmacy to the Development of Health Care Protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina - the Second Part.

Authors:  Izet Masic
Journal:  Med Arch       Date:  2017-12

10.  Influence of Arabian Pharmacy on Diseases Tretament During Ottoman's Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Authors:  Armin Skrbo; Izet Masic
Journal:  Med Arch       Date:  2017-06
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