OBJECTIVES: We explored potential effects of cadmium exposure on cardiovascular fitness measures, including gender and racial/ethnic differences. METHODS: Data were from the 1999 to 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); 1963 participating subjects were included in our analysis. Volume of oxygen consumed at sub-maximum activity (VO(2) max) were recorded in a series of graded exercises; the goal was to elicit 75% of predetermined age-specific heart rates. Cadmium from urine samples was measured in the laboratory using standard methods. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine potential relationships. RESULTS: Increased urinary cadmium concentrations were generally associated with decreased estimated VO(2) max values. Gender and racial/ethnic differences were also observed. Specifically, associations were statistically significant for white males and Mexican American females. CONCLUSION: Inverse associations between urinary cadmium concentrations and estimated VO(2) max values were observed, including racial and gender differences. The implications of such gender and racial/ethnic differences on long-term cardiovascular health and health disparities of present public health concern warrant further investigation.
OBJECTIVES: We explored potential effects of cadmium exposure on cardiovascular fitness measures, including gender and racial/ethnic differences. METHODS: Data were from the 1999 to 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); 1963 participating subjects were included in our analysis. Volume of oxygen consumed at sub-maximum activity (VO(2) max) were recorded in a series of graded exercises; the goal was to elicit 75% of predetermined age-specific heart rates. Cadmium from urine samples was measured in the laboratory using standard methods. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine potential relationships. RESULTS: Increased urinary cadmium concentrations were generally associated with decreased estimated VO(2) max values. Gender and racial/ethnic differences were also observed. Specifically, associations were statistically significant for white males and Mexican American females. CONCLUSION: Inverse associations between urinary cadmium concentrations and estimated VO(2) max values were observed, including racial and gender differences. The implications of such gender and racial/ethnic differences on long-term cardiovascular health and health disparities of present public health concern warrant further investigation.
Authors: Maria Tellez-Plaza; Ana Navas-Acien; Andy Menke; Ciprian M Crainiceanu; Roberto Pastor-Barriuso; Eliseo Guallar Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2012-04-02 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Maria Tellez-Plaza; Ana Navas-Acien; Kathleen L Caldwell; Andy Menke; Paul Muntner; Eliseo Guallar Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2011-11-07 Impact factor: 9.031