Knee injury outcomes measures.

Outcomes measures have long been used in the assessment of knee injuries and management protocols. In the past decade, there has been a shift from clinician-based outcomes tools to the development and validation of patient-reported outcomes measures. General health as well as disease- and medical condition-specific outcomes measures have been so modified. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form is the most commonly used general health measure in orthopaedics. Joint-specific measures include the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Form. The Lysholm Knee Scale and the Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale continue to be popular, especially for the assessment of ligamentous injuries. The ACL Quality of Life score is a disease-specific, patient-reported outcomes measure of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. The historically used Tegner activity level scale and the recently developed Marx activity level scale are used in conjunction with these outcomes measures to make possible a global assessment of recovery from knee injuries and clinician interventions.