The constitutive activity of the ghrelin receptor attenuates apoptosis via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.

The ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) displays a high level of constitutive signaling through a phospholipase C/protein kinase C-dependent pathway. Therefore, we have investigated the role of agonist-dependent and agonist-independent signaling of GHS-R1a in apoptosis using the seabream GHS-R1a stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-sbGHS-R1a cells). Cadmium-induced activation of caspase-3 was significantly attenuated in HEK-sbGHS-R1a cells compared to wild-type HEK293 cells, while the apoptotic responses to the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine were similar. GHS-R1a ligands had no effect on caspase-3 activation or on cell proliferation. Concentrations of the inverse agonist [d-Arg(1),d-Phe(5),d-Trp(7,9),Leu(11)]-substance P sufficient to inhibit constitutive inositol phosphate generation did not enhance caspase-3 activity, suggesting a possible role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in the anti-apoptotic activity of GHS-R1a. In conclusion, our data suggests that the constitutive activity of sbGHS-R1a may be sufficient alone to attenuate apoptosis via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.