Willy Pedersen1, Tilmann von Soest. 1. Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. willy.pedersen@sosiologi.uio.no
Abstract
AIMS: To investigate prospectively the associations between daily smoking and nicotine dependence and anxiety, depression and suicide attempts. METHODS: Data were from the Young in Norway Longitudinal Study. A population-based sample (n = 1501) was followed for 13 years from ages 13-27 years. Data were gathered on smoking patterns and nicotine dependence; and depression, anxiety and parasuicide. Extensive information on socio-demographic factors, parental and family conditions, parental rearing practices, educational career, conduct problems, alcohol problems and use of illegal substances was also collected. RESULTS: Young adults who were nicotine-dependent had clearly elevated rates of anxiety, depression and parasuicide. These rates declined after controlling for a previous history of mental health problems and potential confounding factors. After adjustment, nicotine dependence was still associated with anxiety, depression and parasuicide. There was also a significant association with later depression in the group of non-dependent daily smokers. Measures of reduced mental health did not predict later smoking initiation or the development of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health was reduced more seriously in nicotine-dependent smokers than in non-dependent smokers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking, in particular nicotine dependence, influences mental health.
AIMS: To investigate prospectively the associations between daily smoking and nicotine dependence and anxiety, depression and suicide attempts. METHODS: Data were from the Young in Norway Longitudinal Study. A population-based sample (n = 1501) was followed for 13 years from ages 13-27 years. Data were gathered on smoking patterns and nicotine dependence; and depression, anxiety and parasuicide. Extensive information on socio-demographic factors, parental and family conditions, parental rearing practices, educational career, conduct problems, alcohol problems and use of illegal substances was also collected. RESULTS: Young adults who were nicotine-dependent had clearly elevated rates of anxiety, depression and parasuicide. These rates declined after controlling for a previous history of mental health problems and potential confounding factors. After adjustment, nicotine dependence was still associated with anxiety, depression and parasuicide. There was also a significant association with later depression in the group of non-dependent daily smokers. Measures of reduced mental health did not predict later smoking initiation or the development of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health was reduced more seriously in nicotine-dependent smokers than in non-dependent smokers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking, in particular nicotine dependence, influences mental health.
Authors: Mumtaz Jamal; Willem Van der Does; Bernet M Elzinga; Marc L Molendijk; Brenda W J H Penninx Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2014-09-02 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Jennifer C Veilleux; Jon D Kassel; Adrienne J Heinz; Ashley Braun; Margaret C Wardle; Justin Greenstein; Daniel P Evatt; Megan Conrad Journal: J Adolesc Health Date: 2011-02 Impact factor: 5.012