Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a non-infectious lung complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is an acute febrile illness with respiratory impairment, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We report an adult male who developed severe cough and dyspnea with slight fever on day 78 after allogeneic hematopoietic stem transplantation. The symptoms coexisted with skin and gut GVHD. The imaging test demonstrated interstitial infiltrates and BAL analysis revealed marked increase of eosinophils and no sign of infection. We made a diagnosis of AEP and steroid was started. AEP remitted with other GVHD symptoms but exacerbated partially when steroid was decreased. This case suggests a potential link between AEP and GVHD.