The clinical feature of invasive fungal infection in pediatric patients with hematologic and malignant diseases: a 10-year analysis at a single institution at Japan.

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an important complication in hematologic malignancies and stem-cell transplantation (SCT). However, there are limited data characterizing IFI in children. The clinical feature of IFI after chemotherapy and SCT were analyzed in 334 pediatric patients treated at Hokkaido University Hospital from 1997 to 2006. The cumulative incidence of IFI was 6.9%; this comprised cases of proven, probable and possible IFI at rates of 1.2%, 3.0%, and 2.7%, respectively. The infected lesions were lung in 14 patients, liver in 5 patients, brain in 3 patients, fungemia in 2 patients, kidney in 1 patient, and endophthalmitis in 1 patient. The mortality of IFI was 48.2%, excluding patients who died due to relapse and interstitial pneumonitis; in particular, 71.4% patients with a lung lesion (10/14) died due to IFI. Fifty-nine pediatric patients died in our institution over the 10-year period of the study and IFI was the direct cause of death in 18.6% (11/59) of the patients. Risk factors for IFI with chemotherapy and SCT were also analyzed. Univariate analysis showed that age at diagnosis older than 10 years, relapse of original disease, long-term administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were the risk factors for IFI. All patients with IFI received long-term antibiotic therapy. AML was most strongly associated using a multivariate analysis. The prognosis of IFI has been expected poor; therefore, prevention of this condition, especially for older patients with AML, would be important.