Protein tyrosine kinase, syk: a key player in phagocytic cells.

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase expressed in a wide range of haematopoietic cells. At the initial stage of investigation, main exploring was toward its functions in platelets and in classical immunoreceptor signalling. However, Syk has now been recognized as a key player in both innate and adaptive immunity. Especially, in phagocytosis, Syk plays essential roles in signalling evoked by various types of receptors such as FcgammaR, CR3, Dectin-1 and apoptotic cell-recognizing receptor. A variety of upstream immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-like molecules have been found and are still in the course of new studies. On the contrary, downstream effectors to explain diverse function of Syk are still under exploration. As its novel function, we propose the role of Syk in the regulation of alpha-tubulin acetylation. Further investigation on the effectors of Syk would give us more information in relation to therapeutic molecular targets.