Maggie Ham1, Jonathan D Kaunitz. 1. Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The gastrointestinal tract has developed multiple mechanisms of protection from intrinsic and extrinsic sources of injury, including but not limited to drugs, ischemic/reperfusion injuries, and infections such as Helicobacter pylori. We review recent developments in host defense against Helicobacter pylori, duodenal bicarbonate secretion, protection from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastrointestinal injury, and apoptosis, as well as newer therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Leptin and survivin confer protection against ethanol and indomethacin induced injury. Mucin-1, a cell surface mucin, is an important barrier to gastrointestinal infection. Prostaglandin E(2), Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, orexins, and carbonated beverages stimulate duodenal bicarbonate secretion. SUMMARY: Gastroduodenal mucosal defense is a dynamic process, and further insights into these defense mechanisms have and will lead to safer and more effective treatments.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The gastrointestinal tract has developed multiple mechanisms of protection from intrinsic and extrinsic sources of injury, including but not limited to drugs, ischemic/reperfusion injuries, and infections such as Helicobacter pylori. We review recent developments in host defense against Helicobacter pylori, duodenal bicarbonate secretion, protection from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastrointestinal injury, and apoptosis, as well as newer therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Leptin and survivin confer protection against ethanol and indomethacin induced injury. Mucin-1, a cell surface mucin, is an important barrier to gastrointestinal infection. Prostaglandin E(2), Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, orexins, and carbonated beverages stimulate duodenal bicarbonate secretion. SUMMARY: Gastroduodenal mucosal defense is a dynamic process, and further insights into these defense mechanisms have and will lead to safer and more effective treatments.
Authors: Dominik Bakalarz; Marcin Surmiak; Xiaoxiao Yang; Dagmara Wójcik; Edyta Korbut; Zbigniew Śliwowski; Grzegorz Ginter; Grzegorz Buszewicz; Tomasz Brzozowski; Jakub Cieszkowski; Urszula Głowacka; Katarzyna Magierowska; Zhixiang Pan; Binghe Wang; Marcin Magierowski Journal: Acta Pharm Sin B Date: 2020-08-24 Impact factor: 11.413