Optimizing outcomes at every stage of bladder cancer: do we practice it?

Defining the best practices in treating any disease can lead to optimal treatment. Establishing these best practices is difficult, and relies on clinical trials, expert opinion, and consensus decisions. Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be either relatively benign or highly malignant depending on the grade and stage of the tumor. Determining the best practices for bladder cancer is based on the stage, grade, and presentation of the cancer. Herein we identify four clinical scenarios involving bladder cancer and discuss whether best practice guidelines are available for these clinical scenarios, and if so, how often do we follow these guidelines.