BACKGROUND: Cardiac remodeling is ultimately regulated by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We investigated the important role that growth factors play in the regulation of ECM remodeling that occurs as a consequence of myocardium damage. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats were submitted to the ligation of the left anterior coronary artery and pcDNA3-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(165) was immediately injected intramyocardially in the treated group. The animals were divided into large size myocardium infarction (LMI) and small size myocardium infarction, with or without gene transfer. The plasmid-containing DNA encoding VEGF(165) was injected into the cardiac muscle and its effect was observed on the ECM components. Glycosaminoglycans were identified and quantified by agarose gel based electrophoresis and ELISA as well as immunocytochemistry to examine specific cathepsin B, heparanase, and syndecan-4 changes. The amounts of hyaluronic acid (HA; p < 0.005), DS, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate (p < 0.001) were significantly increased in the LMI treated group in comparison to the other groups, which correlates with the decrease in the expression of heparanase. A decrease in the molecular mass of HA was found in the scar tissue of treated group. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained strongly support the idea that changes in the ECM and its components are important determinants of cardiac remodeling after myocardium infarct and may be essential for inflammatory response and attempt to stabilize the damage and provide a compensatory mechanisms to maintain cardiac output since the ECM components analyzed are involved with angiogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation.
BACKGROUND:Cardiac remodeling is ultimately regulated by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We investigated the important role that growth factors play in the regulation of ECM remodeling that occurs as a consequence of myocardium damage. METHODS AND RESULTS:Rats were submitted to the ligation of the left anterior coronary artery and pcDNA3-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(165) was immediately injected intramyocardially in the treated group. The animals were divided into large size myocardium infarction (LMI) and small size myocardium infarction, with or without gene transfer. The plasmid-containing DNA encoding VEGF(165) was injected into the cardiac muscle and its effect was observed on the ECM components. Glycosaminoglycans were identified and quantified by agarose gel based electrophoresis and ELISA as well as immunocytochemistry to examine specific cathepsin B, heparanase, and syndecan-4 changes. The amounts of hyaluronic acid (HA; p < 0.005), DS, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate (p < 0.001) were significantly increased in the LMI treated group in comparison to the other groups, which correlates with the decrease in the expression of heparanase. A decrease in the molecular mass of HA was found in the scar tissue of treated group. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained strongly support the idea that changes in the ECM and its components are important determinants of cardiac remodeling after myocardium infarct and may be essential for inflammatory response and attempt to stabilize the damage and provide a compensatory mechanisms to maintain cardiac output since the ECM components analyzed are involved with angiogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation.
Authors: Elena Tous; Jamie L Ifkovits; Kevin J Koomalsingh; Takashi Shuto; Toru Soeda; Norihiro Kondo; Joseph H Gorman; Robert C Gorman; Jason A Burdick Journal: Biomacromolecules Date: 2011-10-11 Impact factor: 6.988