OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and apoptosis of fetal mouse genital tubercle (GT). METHODS: In this developmental toxicity study, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to corn oil or DEHP (100 or 500 mg/kg/day) from embryonic day 12 (ED12) to ED16. Apoptosis was characterized by Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Using RT-PCR and western blot, the expressions of ATF3 and apoptosis-related genes (P53, Bcl-2 and Bax) were investigated. RESULTS: Apoptosis of fetal mouse GT cells notably decreased after DEHP treatment. DEHP activated ATF3 both at the mRNA and protein levels in GT. Furthermore, pro-apoptotic P53 was downregulated and the ratio of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2)/pro-apoptotic (Bax) was not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that DEHP may induce external genital defects via a mechanism involving apoptosis, which might correlate with the regulation of ATF3 and P53 expressions.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and apoptosis of fetal mouse genital tubercle (GT). METHODS: In this developmental toxicity study, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to corn oil or DEHP (100 or 500 mg/kg/day) from embryonic day 12 (ED12) to ED16. Apoptosis was characterized by Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Using RT-PCR and western blot, the expressions of ATF3 and apoptosis-related genes (P53, Bcl-2 and Bax) were investigated. RESULTS: Apoptosis of fetal mouse GT cells notably decreased after DEHP treatment. DEHP activated ATF3 both at the mRNA and protein levels in GT. Furthermore, pro-apoptotic P53 was downregulated and the ratio of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2)/pro-apoptotic (Bax) was not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that DEHP may induce external genital defects via a mechanism involving apoptosis, which might correlate with the regulation of ATF3 and P53 expressions.
Authors: Kannan Badri Narayanan; Manaf Ali; Barry J Barclay; Qiang Shawn Cheng; Leandro D'Abronzo; Rita Dornetshuber-Fleiss; Paramita M Ghosh; Michael J Gonzalez Guzman; Tae-Jin Lee; Po Sing Leung; Lin Li; Suidjit Luanpitpong; Edward Ratovitski; Yon Rojanasakul; Maria Fiammetta Romano; Simona Romano; Ranjeet K Sinha; Clement Yedjou; Fahd Al-Mulla; Rabeah Al-Temaimi; Amedeo Amedei; Dustin G Brown; Elizabeth P Ryan; Annamaria Colacci; Roslida A Hamid; Chiara Mondello; Jayadev Raju; Hosni K Salem; Jordan Woodrick; A Ivana Scovassi; Neetu Singh; Monica Vaccari; Rabindra Roy; Stefano Forte; Lorenzo Memeo; Seo Yun Kim; William H Bisson; Leroy Lowe; Hyun Ho Park Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: Xiang Han; Wang Shao; Zhou Yue; Liu Xing; Lianju Shen; Chunlan Long; Deying Zhang; Dawei He; Tao Lin; Guanghui Wei Journal: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Date: 2019-04-30