Cognitive predictors of alcohol involvement and alcohol consumption-related consequences in a sample of drunk-driving offenders.

Motivational theories of alcohol involvement emphasize a wide range of cognitive factors as precursors to "heavy" or high-risk drinking. Central to this consideration has been expectancies, drinking urges, triggers, and situational cues, all of which can synergistically or independently stimulate drinking. Unfortunately, empirical studies have scrutinized low-level or moderate drinkers drawn from the general population, and less is known about the role of cognitive factors as precursors to high-risk drinking. The present study examines the unique contribution of several measures of cognitive motivation to harmful alcohol use in a sample of convicted drunk drivers. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the psychometric soundness of a model positing four latent predictor constructs assessing drinking urges/triggers, situational cues, positive and negative expectancies and outcome constructs assessing harmful alcohol use and perceived consequences of harmful drinking. A structural equation model indicated that each motivational construct was associated uniquely with both drinking and perceived consequences, with the largest overall effect in both cases associated with situational cues. Results are discussed in terms of identifying prominent cognitive factors that may foster harmful drinking among high-risk populations and their implications for treatment.