The Na+-Pi cotransporter PiT-2 (SLC20A2) is expressed in the apical membrane of rat renal proximal tubules and regulated by dietary Pi.

The principal mediators of renal phosphate (P(i)) reabsorption are the SLC34 family proteins NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc, localized to the proximal tubule (PT) apical membrane. Their abundance is regulated by circulatory factors and dietary P(i). Although their physiological importance has been confirmed in knockout animal studies, significant P(i) reabsorptive capacity remains, which suggests the involvement of other secondary-active P(i) transporters along the nephron. Here we show that a member of the SLC20 gene family (PiT-2) is localized to the brush-border membrane (BBM) of the PT epithelia and that its abundance, confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry of rat kidney slices, is regulated by dietary P(i). In rats treated chronically on a high-P(i) (1.2%) diet, there was a marked decrease in the apparent abundance of PiT-2 protein in kidney slices compared with those from rats kept on a chronic low-P(i) (0.1%) diet. In Western blots of BBM from rats that were switched from a chronic low- to high-P(i) diet, NaPi-IIa showed rapid downregulation after 2 h; PiT-2 was also significantly downregulated at 24 h and NaPi-IIc after 48 h. For the converse dietary regime, NaPi-IIa showed adaptation within 8 h, whereas PiT-2 and NaPi-IIc showed a slower adaptive trend. Our findings suggest that PiT-2, until now considered as a ubiquitously expressed P(i) housekeeping transporter, is a novel mediator of P(i) reabsorption in the PT under conditions of acute P(i) deprivation, but with a different adaptive time course from NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc.