OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the role of nicotine gum and pretreatment depressive symptoms in long-term smoking cessation. METHODS: 12-month follow-up of 608 participants within a randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Participants received brief counseling plus nicotine or placebo treatment. Based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale pre-treatment score (> or =16), 32% of the participants were classified as depressed at baseline. RESULTS: At the 12-month follow-up the non-depressed participants with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were most successful (20.1%), while the depressed ones with placebo were least successful (5.7%) (p = .004). However, the depressed participants with NRT (15.1%) were not significantly less successful than the non-depressed ones with NRT (20.1%, p = .23). Survival analysis showed significant depression (p = .01) and treatment effects (p = < .001) on the abstinence. Further, when adjusted for marital status and education, the treatment effect remained significant (p < .001), whereas the depression effect became non-significant (p = .08). CONCLUSIONS:NRT improved cessation both among the depressed and non-depressed. To understand discrepancies in literature reporting depression and smoking cessation outcome, the pharmacological treatment modality and social-demographic variables should be examined as additional variables.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the role of nicotine gum and pretreatment depressive symptoms in long-term smoking cessation. METHODS: 12-month follow-up of 608 participants within a randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Participants received brief counseling plus nicotine or placebo treatment. Based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale pre-treatment score (> or =16), 32% of the participants were classified as depressed at baseline. RESULTS: At the 12-month follow-up the non-depressed participants with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were most successful (20.1%), while the depressed ones with placebo were least successful (5.7%) (p = .004). However, the depressed participants with NRT (15.1%) were not significantly less successful than the non-depressed ones with NRT (20.1%, p = .23). Survival analysis showed significant depression (p = .01) and treatment effects (p = < .001) on the abstinence. Further, when adjusted for marital status and education, the treatment effect remained significant (p < .001), whereas the depression effect became non-significant (p = .08). CONCLUSIONS: NRT improved cessation both among the depressed and non-depressed. To understand discrepancies in literature reporting depression and smoking cessation outcome, the pharmacological treatment modality and social-demographic variables should be examined as additional variables.
Authors: Jennifer M Gierisch; Lori A Bastian; Patrick S Calhoun; Jennifer R McDuffie; John W Williams Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2011-10-26 Impact factor: 5.128
Authors: Haruka Minami; Christopher W Kahler; Erika Litvin Bloom; Mark A Prince; Ana M Abrantes; David R Strong; Raymond Niaura; Ivan W Miller; Kathleen M Palm Reed; Lawrence H Price; Richard A Brown Journal: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol Date: 2014-08-04 Impact factor: 3.157
Authors: Cosmas M Zyambo; Greer A Burkholder; Karen L Cropsey; James H Willig; Craig M Wilson; C Ann Gakumo; Andrew O Westfall; Peter S Hendricks Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2019-10-29 Impact factor: 4.135