Steven Krakowka1, John A Ellis. 1. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether porcine genogroup 1 torque teno virus (g1-TTV) can infect and cause disease in gnotobiotic swine. SAMPLE POPULATION: 20 conventional baby pigs and 46 gnotobiotic baby pigs. PROCEDURES: Porcine g1-TTV was transmitted from conventional swine to gnotobiotic pigs via pooled leukocyte-rich plasmas (n=18) that had positive results for g1-TTV DNA. Bone marrow-liver homogenates that had positive results for torque teno virus (TTV) were used in 4 serial passages in gnotobiotic pigs (2 pigs/passage). A pathogenesis experiment was conducted with in vivo passages of g1-TTV in various groups of gnotobiotic pigs. RESULTS: All g1-TTV inoculated pigs had no clinical signs but developed interstitial pneumonia, transient thymic atrophy, membranous glomerulonephropathy, and modest lymphocytic to histiocytic infiltrates in the liver after inoculation with the TTV-containing tissue homogenate; these changes were not detected in uninoculated control pigs or pigs injected with tissue homogenate devoid of TTV DNAs. In situ hybridization was used to identify g1-TTV DNAs in bone marrow mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these data revealed that porcine g1-TTV was readily transmitted to TTV-naïve swine and that infection was associated with characteristic pathologic changes in gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with g1-TTV. Thus, g1-TTV could be an unrecognized pathogenic viral infectious agent of swine. This indicated a directly associated induction of lesions attributable to TTV infection in swine for a virus of the genus Anellovirus.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether porcine genogroup 1 torque teno virus (g1-TTV) can infect and cause disease in gnotobiotic swine. SAMPLE POPULATION: 20 conventional baby pigs and 46 gnotobiotic baby pigs. PROCEDURES: Porcine g1-TTV was transmitted from conventional swine to gnotobiotic pigs via pooled leukocyte-rich plasmas (n=18) that had positive results for g1-TTV DNA. Bone marrow-liver homogenates that had positive results for torque teno virus (TTV) were used in 4 serial passages in gnotobiotic pigs (2 pigs/passage). A pathogenesis experiment was conducted with in vivo passages of g1-TTV in various groups of gnotobiotic pigs. RESULTS: All g1-TTV inoculated pigs had no clinical signs but developed interstitial pneumonia, transient thymic atrophy, membranous glomerulonephropathy, and modest lymphocytic to histiocytic infiltrates in the liver after inoculation with the TTV-containing tissue homogenate; these changes were not detected in uninoculated control pigs or pigs injected with tissue homogenate devoid of TTV DNAs. In situ hybridization was used to identify g1-TTV DNAs in bone marrow mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these data revealed that porcine g1-TTV was readily transmitted to TTV-naïve swine and that infection was associated with characteristic pathologic changes in gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with g1-TTV. Thus, g1-TTV could be an unrecognized pathogenic viral infectious agent of swine. This indicated a directly associated induction of lesions attributable to TTV infection in swine for a virus of the genus Anellovirus.
Authors: Thais Fumaco Teixeira; Diogenes Dezen; Samuel Paulo Cibulski; Ana Paula Muterle Varela; Camila Mengue Sheffer; Carine Lidiane Holz; Helton Fernandes Dos Santos; Ana Cláudia Franco; Paulo Michel Roehe Journal: Virus Genes Date: 2013-06-20 Impact factor: 2.332
Authors: Shoko Nishiyama; Bernadette M Dutia; James P Stewart; Anna L Meredith; Darren J Shaw; Peter Simmonds; Colin P Sharp Journal: J Gen Virol Date: 2014-04-17 Impact factor: 3.891